The Birmingham (or Priestley) Riots took place between 14 and 17 July 1791. During this period, church and king loyalist mobs attacked a number of houses, chapels and businesses associated with Protestant dissenters. Most famously, Joseph Priestley’s house was destroyed. Although fifty were charged with offences, only seventeen were brought to trial, and only four were convicted, of whom one was pardoned, one transported, and two hanged.